The Hubble was put into orbit around Earth in 1990. Although the eye is marvelous in its ability to see objects large and small, it obviously is limited in the smallest details it can detect. It is very difficult and expensive to build large refracting telescopes. Telescopes were invented around 1600, and Galileo was the first to use them to study the heavens, with monumental consequences. This situation is similar to that shown in Figure $$\PageIndex{1}$$. The magnification of the microscope is the product of the linear magnification mobjmobj by the objective and the angular magnification MeyeMeye by the eyepiece. Compound microscope . How telescopes work. Also, the final enlarged image is produced sufficiently far from the observer to be easily viewed, since the eye cannot focus on objects or images that are too close (i.e., closer than the near point of the eye). Optical microscope:-The optical microscope, often referred as the light microscope. You will notice that the Sun's image is smaller than the actual object, but the cell's image is larger than the object. In 1897, the Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin (USA) built a large refracting telescope with an objective lens that is 40 inches in diameter and has a tube length of 62 feet. This simple principle finds applications in many optical instruments, including some of common use such as the microscope and the telescope. Microscope; Telescope; Class 12 Physics Ray Optics Optical Instruments: Telescope: Telescope. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Telescopes gather far more light than the eye, allowing dim objects to be observed with greater magnification and better resolution. Microscopy is the science of investigating small objects and structures using such an instrument. Inserting these expressions into Equation \ref{2.39} gives, $M=\frac{-h_{\mathrm{i}}}{f^{\mathrm{eye}}} \frac{f^{\mathrm{obj}}}{h_{\mathrm{i}}}=-\frac{f^{\mathrm{obj}}}{f^{\mathrm{eye}}} \label{2.40}. The final image remains inverted but is farther from the observer than the object, making it easy to view. These are given by. citation tool such as, Authors: Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs. There are two basic types of optical microscope. The first lens, called the objective, forms a real image within the focal length of the second lens, which is called the eyepiece. In this arrangement, the light-gathering concave mirror has a hole in the middle ($$\PageIndex{7b}$$). The image produced by the eyepiece is a magnified virtual image. Both types of instruments could use an objective lens, which produces an image of the object. The light then is incident on an eyepiece lens. It consists of:- (a) Objective lens (b) Eyepiece; Working of Telescope. Microscopes were first developed in the early 1600s by eyeglass makers in The Netherlands and Denmark. This work is licensed by OpenStax University Physics under a Creative Commons Attribution License (by 4.0). As for a simple magnifier, the angular magnification of a telescope is the ratio of the angle subtended by the image ($$\theta_{image}$$ in $$\PageIndex{3b}$$) to the angle subtended by the real object ($$\theta_{object}$$ in $$\PageIndex{3b}$$): \[ M=\dfrac{θ_{image}}{θ_{object}}. In a telescope, the real object is far away and the intermediate image is smaller than the object. Microscopes and magnifiers The magnifier or simple microscope. The microscope is an optical device which is used to see very small objects ( Unicellular organisms), While telescopes is an optical instrument which is used to see very large objects in space. The magnification of the microscope is the product of the linear magnification $$m^{obj}$$ by the objective and the angular magnification $$M^{eye}$$ by the eyepiece. Both the objective and the eyepiece contribute to the overall magnification, which is large and negative, consistent with Figure $$\PageIndex{1}$$, where the image is seen to be large and inverted. In both the telescope and the microscope, the eyepiece magnifies the intermediate image; in the telescope, however, this is the only magnification. Using Figure $$\PageIndex{2}$$ and working in the small-angle approximation, we have, \[ \theta_{i m a g e} \approx \frac{h_{i}^{o b j}}{f^{e y e}} \nonumber$, $\theta_{\text {object}} \approx \frac{h_{i}^{o b j}}{25 c m} \nonumber$, where $$h_{i}^{obj}$$ is the height of the image formed by the objective, which is the object of the eyepiece. The eyepiece, also referred to as the ocular, is a convex lens of longer focal length. &\underbrace{m^{o b j}=-\frac{d_{i}^{o b j}}{d_{o}^{o b j}} \approx-\frac{d_{i}^{o b j}}{f^{o b j}}}_{\text {linear magnification by objective }}\\ In both the telescope and the microscope, the eyepiece magnifies the intermediate image; in the telescope, however, this is the only magnification. Simple microscope:- Figure $$\PageIndex{3a}$$ shows a refracting telescope made of two lenses. An instrument used to view distant objects clearly. Thus, the angular magnification of the eyepiece is, The net magnifying power of the compound microscope with the image at infinity is therefore. Telescopes are meant for viewing distant objects and produce an image that is larger than the image produced in the unaided eye. This should not be surprising, because the eyepiece is essentially a magnifying glass, and the same physics applies here. 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